lux-ex-nihilo: divasonyce: mohandasgandhi: ...

divasonyce:

mohandasgandhi:

Sobering facts about sexual violence:

Rape results in 32,000 pregnancies each year. A longitudinal study in the United States of over 4,000 women followed for 3 years found that the national rape-related pregnancy rate was 5.0% per rape among victims aged 12–45 years producing over 32,000 pregnancies nationally among women from rape each year.

In the United States, 1 in 6 women and 1 in 33 men reported experiencing an attempted or completed rape at some time in their lives.

Among high school students surveyed nationwide, about 8% reported having been forced to have sex. Females (11%) were more likely to report having been forced to have sex than males (4%).

An estimated 20% to 25% of college women in the United States experience attempted or complete rape during their college career.

It’s estimated that 1 in 10 women in the United States have been victims of sexual violence from their married partners.

National data on rape and sexual assault in the United States reveal that about 1 out of 10 sexual assaults involve multiple perpetrators. Most of these assaults are committed by people unknown to their victims.

Gang rape is often viewed by the men involved, and sometimes by others too, as legitimate, in that it is seen to discourage or punish perceived ‘‘immoral’’ behaviour among woman –such as wearing short skirts or frequenting bars. For this reason, it may not be equated by the perpetrators with the idea of a crime.

Studies conducted mostly in developed countries indicate that 5-10% of men report a history of childhood sexual abuse.

Studies on sexually abused boys have shown that around one in five continue in later life to molest children themselves.

A study undertaken under the auspices of the CIA, estimated that 45,000–50,000 women and children are trafficked annually to the United States.

The prevelance of sexual assault in medical facilities is roughly 4.4% among female patients.

According to data from justice systems and rape crisis centres in Chile, Malaysia, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Peru and the United States, between

A national study of violence against women in the United States found that women who were raped before the age of 18 years were twice as likely to be raped as adults, compared with those who were not raped as children or adolescents (18.3% and 8.7%, respectively).

Women are at increased risk of sexual violence, as they are of physical violence by an intimate partner, when they become more educated and thus more empowered. Women with no education were found in a national survey in South Africa to be much less likely to experience sexual violence than those with higher levels of education. In Zimbabwe, women who were working were much more likely to report forced sex by a spouse than those who were not. The likely explanation is that greater empowerment brings with it more resistance from women to patriarchal norms, so that men may resort to violence in an attempt to regain control.

Sexually violent men have been shown to be more likely to consider victims responsible for the rape and are less knowledgeable about the impact of rape on victims. A further association is with adversarial attitudes on gender, that hold that women are opponents to be challenged and conquered.

In societies where the ideology of male superiority is strong – emphasizing dominance, physical strength and male honour – rape is more common. Countries with a culture of violence, or where violent conflict is taking place, experience an increase in almost all forms of violence, including sexual violence.

Research has stressed the importance of encouraging nurturing, with better and more genderbalanced parenting, to prevent sexual violence.

In one population-based study, the prevalence of symptoms or signs suggestive of a psychiatric disorder was 33% in women with a history of sexual abuse as adults, 15% in women with a history of physical violence by an intimate partner and 6% in non-abused women.

Even with counselling, up to 50% of women retain symptoms of stress.

The average risk of HIV infection from a single act of unprotected vaginal sex with an infected partner is relatively low (approximately 1–2 per 1,000, from male to female, and around 0.5–1 per 1,000 from female to male). This risk, in fact, is of a similar order to that from a needle-stick injury (around 3 per 1,000). The average risk of HIV infection from unprotected anal sex is considerably higher, though, at around 5–30 per 1,000. However, during rape, because of the force used, it is very much more likely that there will be macroscopic or microscopic tears to the vaginal mucosa, something that will greatly increase the probability of HIV transmission.

An important element in preventing sexual and physical violence against women is a collective initiative by men. Men’s groups against domestic violence and rape can be found in Australia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean and Asia, and in many parts of North America and Europe. The underlying starting point for this type of initiative is that men as individuals should take measures to reduce their use of violence.

In the United States alone, there are over 100 such men’s groups, many of which focus specifically on sexual violence.one-third and two-thirds of all victims of sexual assault are aged 15 years or less.

However, the best known way to stop and prevent sexual violence is through sharing knowledge and education. Please reblog.